This academic paper explores the ancient Assyrian presence and influence in and around the Afrin region of northwestern Syria, primarily focusing on the Neo-Assyrian period (911-609 BC). It analyzes how the strategically important Afrin Valley and its surroundings, initially known to Assyrians by terms like "Apre" for the river, evolved from being a region of limited early interaction to one of direct imperial control under Neo-Assyrian kings like Tiglath-Pileser III. Archaeological evidence from key sites like Tell Tayinat (ancient Kunalia) and Tell Rifaat (ancient Arpad) demonstrates the establishment of Assyrian provincial administration, while local finds such as the Afrin Stele highlight the persistence of Syro-Hittite culture amidst Assyrian dominance. The paper concludes by discussing the profound political, economic, and cultural impacts of Assyrian rule and the region's transition to subsequent empires after Assyria's collapse, distinguishing this ancient history from modern Assyrian communities.
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