The provided text offers a comprehensive overview of the Bronze Age in the Afrin Valley, located in modern-day Syria, by synthesizing archaeological findings with political and material culture analysis. It traces the region's trajectory from early urbanization and distinct local identity in the Early Bronze Age, marked by unique pottery, to its integration into powerful kingdoms like Yamhad during the Middle Bronze Age, evidenced by homogenous ceramic styles and fortified settlements such as Tell Jindires. The Late Bronze Age saw the valley become a contested frontier between empires like Mitanni and the Hittites, influencing monumental architecture like the Ain Dara temple. The document concludes by discussing the Late Bronze Age collapse and the tragic modern destruction of archaeological sites in the valley due to conflict.
This page was created on: August 11, 2025