These sources collectively examine the history of famines that afflicted the Kurdish people between the 19th and 20th centuries, highlighting how these crises were shaped by geopolitical fragmentation and peripheral status within empires and nation-states. They detail how environmental factors, military conflicts, political policies (including forced displacement), and socio-economic vulnerabilities interacted to cause mass starvation and widespread suffering. The texts emphasize that famine was often exacerbated or deliberately employed as a weapon, as tragically exemplified by the Anfal campaign, and note the challenges in reconstructing this history due to a paucity of sources and the tendency for these events to be overshadowed or silenced in broader historical narratives. Ultimately, the sources underscore the profound and lasting impact of these recurrent famines on Kurdish society, demographics, and socio-economic structures.
Note: This was made with AI research and AI audio output, and does not conform to academic standards. However, sources are confirmed as genuine.
This page was created on: June 10, 2025 and last updated: