The provided text explores **Luqman al-Hakim**, a revered figure in Islamic tradition, recognized for his wisdom but not as a prophet. It constructs a **detailed portrait** of Luqman, drawing from Quranic references and extensive Islamic scholarly works, highlighting his **Black African heritage** and the consensus that he was a wise man rather than a prophet. The text also examines Luqman's **core teachings**, as presented in Surah Luqman, emphasizing the theological foundation of monotheism and gratitude, as well as an ethical framework for social conduct and self-cultivation. Furthermore, it places Luqman within a **broader ancient wisdom tradition**, comparing him to figures like the pre-Islamic Arabian hero Luqman ibn 'Ad, Mesopotamia's Ahikar, and Greece's Aesop, illustrating a **syncretic embodiment** of multiple cultural traditions. Finally, the text traces Luqman's **enduring legacy** in global Islamic literature, showing how his story was adapted across various cultures, and notes his continued relevance as a **modern symbol** for parenting, ethical guidance, and transcending racial and social boundaries, even inspiring institutions like Lokman Hekim University.
Who was Luqman the Wise? - The Thinking Muslim, accessed August 30, 2025, https://thethinkingmuslim.com/2023/04/03/who-was-luqman-the-wise/
The Wisdom of Luqman Al Hakim - Fundación Mezquita de Sevilla, accessed August 30, 2025, https://mezquitadesevilla.com/en/the-wisdom-of-luqman-al-hakim/
Stories of the Quran | Story Of Luqman - Read Islamic Books Online, accessed August 30, 2025, https://balagha.net/stories-of-the-quran/story-of-luqman
Luqman - the Sage, accessed August 30, 2025, http://www.muhammad.net/index.php/the-quran/89-the-holy-quran-general/549 -luqman-the-sage
Sayyidina Luqman al-Hakeem - Mazarat Misr, accessed August 30, 2025, https://mazaratmisr.org/alexandria/sayyidina-luqman-al-hakeem/
Postscript — Luqmān The Sage - HMML, accessed August 30, 2025, https://hmml.org/stories/postscript-luqman-the-sage/
Hello, friends. Who is Luqmân, historically? And who is his son? As a father, myself, I love this Surah. - Reddit, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/AcademicQuran/comments/oymeuy/hello_friends_who_ is_luqm%C3%A2n_historically_and_who/
Who was Luqman Hakim? - Quora, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.quora.com/Who-was-Luqman-Hakim
Islamic Folklore History of Luqman Al-Hakim The Wise from Ethiopia East Africa English Edition - Medium, accessed August 30, 2025, https://medium.com/@xenovandestra/islamic-folklore-history-of-luqman-al-haki m-the-wise-from-ethiopia-east-africa-english-edition-80ec6022955a
Luqmaan Al-Hakeem - some pieces of his wisdom - إسالم ويب, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.islamweb.net/en/fatwa/291862/luqmaan-al-hakeem-some-pieces-of -his-wisdom
The Story of Luqman Al-Hakim - Zahrat Ash Shams - WordPress.com, accessed August 30, 2025, https://sarahmuzaffar.wordpress.com/2017/11/17/the-story-of-luqman-al-hakim/
The Wisdom of Luqman (AS) - Darul Ihsan, accessed August 30, 2025, https://darulihsan.com/index.php/media1/fan-folds/item/8083-the-wisdom-of-luq man-as
Luqman al-Hakim, the Wise Black Figure of the Quran - Islami[dot]co - Voice of Islam, accessed August 30, 2025, https://en.islami.co/luqman-al-hakim-the-wise-black-figure-of-the-quran/
Rediscovering Luqman The Wise - Margari Aziza, accessed August 30, 2025, https://margariaziza.com/2010/08/18/rediscovering-luqman-the-wis/
Biography:Luqman - HandWiki, accessed August 30, 2025, https://handwiki.org/wiki/Biography:Luqman
An account of Luqman and his words of wisdom | Hayat Al-Qulub, Vol. 1, Stories of the Prophets, accessed August 30, 2025, https://al-islam.org/hayat-al-qulub-vol-1-stories-prophets-muhammad-baqir-maj lisi/account-luqman-and-his-words-wisdom
Luqman ('a) The Wise | The Ninety-Nine Attributes of Allah | Al-Islam.org, accessed August 30, 2025, https://al-islam.org/ninety-nine-attributes-allah-yasin-t-al-jibouri/luqman-wise
Luqman - Wikipedia, accessed August 30, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luqman
Section 2: The Ethics Preached Through Luqman | An Enlightening Commentary into the Light of the Holy Qur'an vol. 14 | Al-Islam.org, accessed August 30, 2025, https://al-islam.org/enlightening-commentary-light-holy-quran-vol-14/section-2- ethics-preached-through-luqman
Luqman: The Wise | SufiCorner, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.suficorner.org/insights/luqman-the-wise
7 Lessons from Luqman that Will Make You Wise - The Muslim Shepherd, accessed August 30, 2025, https://themuslimshepherd.org/wisdom-of-luqman/
Luqman's 5 Gems of Advice to His Son From Surah Luqman - Muslim.Sg, accessed August 30, 2025, https://muslim.sg/articles/luqman-s-5-gems-of-advice-to-his-son-from-surah-lu qman
The 10 Lessons of Luqman – Understand Al Quran Academy, accessed August 30, 2025, https://understandquran.com/the-10-lessons-of-luqman-cc/
Benefits from Surah Luqman - Qur'an Study Notes, accessed August 30, 2025, https://quraanstudynotes.weebly.com/benefits-from-surah-luqman.html
Surah Luqman [31] | Overview, Themes, Lessons & More - Iqra Quran, accessed August 30, 2025, https://iqra-quran.com/chapters-of-quran/31-luqman/
Lessons from The Timeless Tale of Luqman - Tarteel, accessed August 30, 2025, https://tarteel.ai/blog/lessons-from-the-timeless-tale-of-luqman/
Timeless Wisdom for Self-Development | Surah Luqman Explained by Belal Assaad, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4QAxyiVz0aM
Aesop of the Arabs - Saudi Aramco World, accessed August 30, 2025, https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/197402/aesop.of.the.arabs.htm
Story of Ahikar - Wikipedia, accessed August 30, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Story_of_Ahikar
Is there any connection between the figure of Luqman in the Qur'an and the stories associated with the ancient Greek storyteller Aesop ? : r/AcademicQuran - Reddit, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/AcademicQuran/comments/12ijvhn/is_there_any_conne ction_between_the_figure_of/
Meaning of the name Hakim, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.wisdomlib.org/names/hakim
Hakim Baby Name Meaning, Origin, Popularity Insights | Momcozy, accessed August 30, 2025, https://momcozy.com/blogs/baby-names/hakim
Hakim Surname/Last Name: Meaning, Origin & Family History, accessed August 30, 2025, https://discover.23andme.com/last-name/Hakim
Hazrat Luqman (Peace and Blessings of Allah be upon him), accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.quranicstudiesjournal.com/FileUpload/as999520/File/2.hazrat_luqma n.pdf
Luqman - KSARS, accessed August 30, 2025, https://ksars.org/topics/luqman
Luqman - Al-Islam.org, accessed August 30, 2025, https://al-islam.org/person/luqman
LUQMAN-UL-HAKIM by Amal Farooq on Prezi, accessed August 30, 2025, https://prezi.com/hxuhk0q2fx0-/luqman-ul-hakim/
The Islamic Influences In Malay Manuscripts Writing:An Overview of Some Selected Manuscripts - USIM Research Repository, accessed August 30, 2025, https://oarep.usim.edu.my/bitstreams/770723a0-561d-4db7-a830-772979abcc64 /download
Bibliographies: 'Luqman' – Grafiati, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.grafiati.com/en/literature-selections/luqman/
31. Lukmaan, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.iium.edu.my/deed/quran/intro/i031.html
hikmat-e-luqman by Naseem Ahmad Ghazi - Rekhta, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/hikmat-e-luqman-naseem-ahmad-ghazi-e books
luqman hakeem by Azmat Ali - Rekhta, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/luqman-hakeem-azmat-ali-ebooks
Tahreerate Luqman ، تحریرات لقمان : allama qari luqman shahid,عالمہ قاری لقمان شاہد : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming - Internet Archive, accessed August 30, 2025, https://archive.org/details/tahreerate-luqman_202208
Hakayat e Luqman حکایات لقمان – URDU BOOK, accessed August 30, 2025, https://urdubook.com/products/hakayat-e-luqman
sawaneh umri hakeem luqman by Meerza Hairat Dehlavi - Rekhta, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.rekhta.org/ebooks/detail/sawaneh-umri-hakeem-luqman-meerza-ha irat-dehlavi-ebooks
Luqman Al-Hakim University: Conditions, Costs, and Benefits | New ..., accessed August 30, 2025, https://horizons-edu.com/en/universities/lokman-hekim-university
Lokman Hakim University in Ankara | Private universities in Turkey | Fanar Study, accessed August 30, 2025, https://fanarstudy.com/en/university/lokman-hekim-university
Lukman Hakim - UAA Congress 2025, accessed August 30, 2025, https://registration.uaa2025.org/user/view/989683:51543
Dr. Lukman Hakim - Top Dentists and Orthodontists in Shanghai - PureSmile, accessed August 30, 2025, https://puresmileshanghai.com/lukman-hakim/
Dr. M. Lukman Hakeem - Ayurveda in Muglisara , Surat - Book Appointment, View Fees & Reviews | Practo, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.practo.com/surat/doctor/dr-m-lukman-hakeem-ayurveda
Dr. Luqman Hakim - General Physician | Video Consultation - Marham, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.marham.pk/online-consultation/general-physician/swat/dr-luqman-h akim-21962
Lukman Al Hakim Messages: A Theoretical Model on How to Teach In Modern Era, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/286766467_Lukman_Al_Hakim_Messag es_A_Theoretical_Model_on_How_to_Teach_In_Modern_Era
The Story of Luqman: A Beacon of Wisdom Through the Ages - YouTube, accessed August 30, 2025, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SHn-3zvd6mQ