Murad V 1876 and the Ottoman Empire during his rule
Description
The source provides a comprehensive analysis of the Ottoman Empire's 1876 crisis, focusing on the dramatic ninety-three-day reign of Sultan Murad V, which is referred to as the "Year of Three Sultans." The document examines the liberal Crown Prince's Western-style education and his controversial association with Freemasonry, highlighting how these factors made him the "hope of the liberals." A significant portion of the text details Murad V's rapid psychological disintegration following his ascension via a coup, catalyzed by his predecessor's suspicious death and a cabinet massacre. This personal tragedy occurred against the backdrop of the Great Eastern Crisis, which involved the empire's full financial default in 1875, the atrocities of the April Uprising in Bulgaria, and the ensuing wars with Serbia and Montenegro. Ultimately, the Sultan was deposed due to alleged insanity, an outcome that directly paved the way for the autocratic rule of Abdulhamid II, while the attempt to implement the first Ottoman constitution was delayed by the chaotic summer.
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