The provided text offers an extensive overview of the Kingdom of Commagene, a Hellenistic state that existed between 163 BCE and 72 CE in southwestern Anatolia, situated precariously between the Roman and Parthian empires. It highlights Commagene's survival strategy through diplomacy, cultural synthesis, and strategic marriages, emphasizing its unique Greco-Iranian identity. The document particularly focuses on Antiochus I Theos, his impressive monumental building program, including the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Mount Nemrut, and his innovative syncretic religious cult designed to legitimize his rule. Furthermore, the text details the dynasty's origins, its eventual decline into a Roman client state, and its ultimate annexation by the Roman Empire in 72 CE, driven by strategic imperial policy rather than genuine rebellion, concluding with its modern rediscovery.
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