Origins of the Kurds

Sources

• Origin of The Kurds - Kurdish Cultural Center of Illinois, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.kurdsofillinois.org/origin-of-the-kurds/
• Origin of the Kurds - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_the_Kurds
• Prehistoric Archeology Along the Zagros Flanks | Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures, accessed April 14, 2025, https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/prehistoric-archeology-along-zagros-flanks
• Between Tigris and Zagros: Rediscovering the Prehistory of Iraqi Kurdistan, accessed April 14, 2025, https://journals.openedition.org/paleorient/643
• Zagros Mountains - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagros_Mountains
• KURDISH LANGUAGE i. HISTORY OF THE KURDISH LA ..., accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kurdish-language-i
• The Origin of Kurds - Scientific Research Publishing, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.scirp.org/html/19564.html
• Population genetic study of 17 Y-STR Loci of the Sorani Kurds in the ..., accessed April 14, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9682651/
• MtDNA and Y-chromosome Variation in Kurdish Groups, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7748420_MtDNA_and_Y-chromosome_Variation_in_Kurdish_Groups
• Kurdistan | History, Religion, Map, & Facts | Britannica, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.britannica.com/place/Kurdistan
• The impact of religious diversity on the Kurdish identity within a geopolitical framework, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385128411_The_impact_of_religious_diversity_on_the_Kurdish_identity_within_a_geopolitical_framework
• Religious Minorities in Kurdistan: Beyond the Mainstream, edited by Khanna Omarkhali in: Kurdish Studies Archive - Brill, accessed April 14, 2025, https://brill.com/edcollchap-oa/book/9789004706552/BP000017.xml
• Kurd | Syria, Language, Map, Women, Turkey, Iraq, Iran, History ..., accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kurd
• Kurdish Dialects, Writing System & Grammar - Languages - Britannica, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kurdish-language
• The cultural situation of the Kurds - Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe, accessed April 14, 2025, https://pace.coe.int/files/11316/html
• Kurdish - UC Berkeley Library Update, accessed April 14, 2025, https://update.lib.berkeley.edu/2020/08/24/kurdish/
• Kurds - Summary - eHRAF World Cultures, accessed April 14, 2025, https://ehrafworldcultures.yale.edu/cultures/MA11/summary
• History of the Kurds - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Kurds
• GUTIANS - Encyclopaedia Iranica, accessed April 14, 2025, https://iranicaonline.org/articles/gutians
• History of the Kurds, accessed April 14, 2025, http://www.fransamaltingvongeusau.com/documents/news/72.pdf
• About - Kurdish Writing, accessed April 14, 2025, https://kurdishwriting.com/aboutpage/
• Indo-European heritage of the Kurdish peoples : r/IndoEuropean - Reddit, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.reddit.com/r/IndoEuropean/comments/dihtw0/indoeuropean_heritage_of_the_kurdish_peoples/
• Kurdistan on the Path of a Historical Evolution (From the Xenophon's Report), accessed April 14, 2025, https://cultureproject.org.uk/kurdistan-on-the-path-of-a-historical-evolution/
• Kordestān | History, Culture & Geography - Britannica, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.britannica.com/place/Kordestan
• Yazidi | History, Culture, & Religion | Britannica, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Yazidi
• The Kurds and Kurdistan - TeachMideast, accessed April 14, 2025, https://teachmideast.org/the-kurds-and-kurdistan/
• Geographic Division: An Ignored Factor Affecting Kurdish Unity - The ..., accessed April 14, 2025, https://nlka.net/eng/geographical-division-an-ignored-factor-affecting-kurdish-division/
• The Zagros Epipalaeolithic revisited: New excavations and 14C dates from Palegawra cave in Iraqi Kurdistan - PMC - PubMed Central, accessed April 14, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7505476/
• The Early Neolithic of Iraqi Kurdistan: Current research at Bestansur, Shahrizor Plain, accessed April 14, 2025, https://journals.openedition.org/paleorient/644?lang=en
• History of the Kurds - Kurdland - Your gateway to Kurdistan, accessed April 14, 2025, https://kurdland.net/english/history
• Exploring Kurdish Origins - Prof. Mehrdad R. Izady - KURDISTANICA, accessed April 14, 2025, https://kurdistanica.com/257/exploring-kurdish-origins/
• ARCHEOLOGY ii. Median and Achaemenid - Encyclopaedia Iranica, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/archeology-ii
• Guti | Persian Dynasty, Ancient Mesopotamia, Elamite Empire - Britannica, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Guti
• Michael Izady - GeoCurrents, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.geocurrents.info/blog/tag/michael-izady/
• Medes - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medes
• THE MEDIAN CONFEDERACY - Brill, accessed April 14, 2025, https://brill.com/downloadpdf/book/9789004460645/BP000005.pdf
• Median kingdom - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_kingdom
• Kurdish language - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_language
• Classification - KurdishPeople.Org, accessed April 14, 2025, https://kurdishpeople.org/language/classification/
• en.wikipedia.org, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_language#:~:text=12%20External%20links-,Classification%20and%20origin,between%20Northwestern%20and%20Southwestern%20Iranian.
• (PDF) Kurdish linguistics: a brief overview - ResearchGate, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273068693_Kurdish_linguistics_a_brief_overview
• Kurdish: Our Languages: About - Central Eurasian Studies, accessed April 14, 2025, https://ceus.indiana.edu/about/languages/kurdish.html
• Kurdish Language: Its Origins, Geographical Reach, and Sociolinguistic Influence, accessed April 14, 2025, https://kurdishlessons.com/kurdish-language-its-origins-geographical-reach-and-sociolinguistic-influence/
• (PDF) Gorani substrate within Kurdish Evidence from southern dialects of Central Kurdish, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/380761124_Gorani_substrate_within_Kurdish_Evidence_from_southern_dialects_of_Central_Kurdish
• (PDF) KURDISH DIALECT CONTINUUM, AS A STANDARDIZATION SOLUTION, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276057902_KURDISH_DIALECT_CONTINUUM_AS_A_STANDARDIZATION_SOLUTION
• The Reformation and Development of Yazidi Identity from Theoretical and Historical Perspectives: Ethnopolitics - Taylor & Francis Online, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17449057.2020.1860550
• Revisiting Kurdish dialect geography: Findings from the Manchester Database - FIS Universität Bamberg, accessed April 14, 2025, https://fis.uni-bamberg.de/bitstreams/1880dfe1-4287-47fe-b603-6c9c174e5085/download
• Joint Genetic Analyses of Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome Molecular Markers for a Population from Northwest China - MDPI, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/11/5/564
• An X-STRs analysis of the Iraqi Sorani Kurds - PMC - PubMed Central, accessed April 14, 2025, https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10681225/
• (PDF) The Origin of Kurds - ResearchGate, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265947486_The_Origin_of_Kurds
• Georgian and Kurd mtDNA sequence analysis shows a lack of correlation between languages and female genetic lineages | Request PDF - ResearchGate, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/12549523_Georgian_and_Kurd_mtDNA_sequence_analysis_shows_a_lack_of_correlation_between_languages_and_female_genetic_lineages
• Religion in Kurdistan (Chapter 19) - The Cambridge History of the Kurds, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-the-kurds/religion-in-kurdistan/F7D139FC0FBC49393B4FEE5461C27559
• The Kurds - Kurdish Studies, accessed April 14, 2025, https://kurdishstudies.net/menu-script/index.php/KS/article/download/165/153/154
• 'Kurdish' Religious Minorities in the Modern World (Chapter 21 ..., accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-the-kurds/kurdish-religious-minorities-in-the-modern-world/92D1C763C53F7A49EF679A7BA3F3647C
• Kurds in the Middle East in the context of plurality of identities - ResearchGate, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331301551_Kurds_in_the_Middle_East_in_the_context_of_plurality_of_identities
• Full article: The hybridisation of religion and nationalism in Iraqi Kurdistan: the case of Kurdish Islam - Taylor and Francis, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23802014.2022.2070269
• kurdistan region with focus on religious groups | Paradox Interactive Forums, accessed April 14, 2025, https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/threads/kurdistan-region-with-focus-on-religious-groups.1444974/
• YAZIDIS i. GENERAL - Encyclopaedia Iranica, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/yazidis-i-general-1/
• Yazidis - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazidis
• Yazidism - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazidism
• Yazidis | Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion, accessed April 14, 2025, https://oxfordre.com/religion/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-254?d=%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199340378.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199340378-e-254&p=emailAghNO9rvSn8EI
• Who Are the Yazidis? - Home, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.pah.org.pl/dom/en/who-are-the-yazidis/
• The Yazidis: Myth and Reality of a Religious Group of Proud Anti-IS Fighters | Reset DOC, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.resetdoc.org/story/the-yazidis-myth-and-reality-of-a-religious-group-of-proud-anti-is-fighters/
• Aspirations for Ethnonationalist Identities among Religious Minorities in Iraq: The Case of Yazidi Identity in the Period of Kurdish and Arab Nationalism, 1963–2003 | Nationalities Papers - Cambridge University Press & Assessment, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/nationalities-papers/article/aspirations-for-ethnonationalist-identities-among-religious-minorities-in-iraq-the-case-of-yazidi-identity-in-the-period-of-kurdish-and-arab-nationalism-19632003/91265FED3DB7208911FF1215B0ABFA73
• Alevis | Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion, accessed April 14, 2025, https://oxfordre.com/religion/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-101?p=emailAmi/niBttqdvk&d=/10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.001.0001/acrefore-9780199340378-e-101
• Kurds, Turks and the Alevi Revival in Turkey - MERIP, accessed April 14, 2025, https://merip.org/1996/09/kurds-turks-and-the-alevi-revival-in-turkey/
• MERIA: The Alevi of Anatolia - Columbia International Affairs Online, accessed April 14, 2025, https://ciaotest.cc.columbia.edu/olj/meria/meria99_zed02.html
• Alevism - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alevism
• Kurdish Alevism - Multiple Secularities, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.multiple-secularities.de/media/wps_18_gueltekin_alevikurds.pdf
• Kurdish Alevism - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism
• A Survey of the Roots and History of Kurdish Alevism: What are the Divergences and Convergences between Kurdish Alevi Groups in Turkey?, accessed April 14, 2025, https://kurdishstudies.net/menu-script/index.php/KS/article/view/77
• Editorial: Alevi Kurds: History, Politics and Identity - Kurdish Studies, accessed April 14, 2025, https://kurdishstudies.net/menu-script/index.php/KS/article/view/74
• Alevi Kurds: History, Politics, Migration and Identity: an Interview with Martin van Bruinessen in - Brill, accessed April 14, 2025, https://brill.com/abstract/book/9789004700369/BP000007.xml
• Yarsanism - KurdishPeople.Org, accessed April 14, 2025, https://kurdishpeople.org/yarsanism/
• Yarsanism - Wikipedia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarsanism
• Yarsanism - ROOTSHUNT, accessed April 14, 2025, https://rootshunt.com/aryans/indiairanandaryans/archaeologicalsitesinpersia/sarpolezahab/yarsanism.htm
• Oral Tradition Journal at Harvard University, accessed April 14, 2025, https://oraltradition.org/the-religious-textual-heritage-of-the-yarsan-ahl-e-haqq/
• Ahl al-Haqq - wikishia, accessed April 14, 2025, https://en.wikishia.net/view/Ahl_al-Haqq
• The Ahl-e Haqq Minority Faith Fights for Its Homeland in Northern Iraq - GeoCurrents, accessed April 14, 2025, http://www.geocurrents.info/blog/2015/08/29/the-ahl-e-haqq-minority-faith-fights-for-its-homeland-in-northern-iraq/
• Inner Truth and Outer History: The Two Worlds of the Ahl-i Haqq of Kurdistan | International Journal of Middle East Studies, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-journal-of-middle-east-studies/article/inner-truth-and-outer-history-the-two-worlds-of-the-ahli-haqq-of-kurdistan/38DF1CC8BF45493367CB876908D5D479
• Yarsani Religion - Beliefs and Practices - Servant Group International, accessed April 14, 2025, https://servantgroup.org/yarsani-religion-beliefs-and-practices/
• Kurdish nationalism: What are its origins? - ResearchGate, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272209206_Kurdish_nationalism_What_are_its_origins
• Kurds and Kurdish Nationalism in the Interwar Period (Chapter 7), accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-the-kurds/kurds-and-kurdish-nationalism-in-the-interwar-period/1C6C81ABFE0926AB4E1205D6BC5514D9
• (PDF) Religious Minorities in Kurdistan: Beyond the Mainstream - ResearchGate, accessed April 14, 2025, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335834967_Religious_Minorities_in_Kurdistan_Beyond_the_Mainstream